Which neuron structure receives incoming signals from other neurons?

• A. Axon
• B. Dendrites
• C. Soma
• D. Axon Terminal

Answer: (B)

Dendrites receive incoming signals from other neurons. They are branched extensions studded with receptors for neurotransmitters released by neighboring cells at synapses. When a neurotransmitter binds to these receptors, ion channels open and small postsynaptic potentials are produced, spreading toward the cell body. The soma integrates these inputs, and if the overall signal is strong enough, an action potential can be generated at the axon hillock and travel down the axon to the axon terminals. The axon itself carries signals away to other neurons, and the axon terminal is where neurotransmitters are released to pass the signal on. The soma mainly acts as the neuron's metabolic and integrative center, but the key site for receiving signals from other neurons is the dendrites.